Health Ethics Video Guide

Title: Madness

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: EBC

Date: 1984

Location(s): ·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V04861

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Concentrates on the brain disorder, schizophrenia. Defines schizophrenia as having abnormalities in behaviour, feelings, thinking and perception. Doctors and researchers talk candidly about symptoms, causes, treatments and drugs. Shows patients afflicted with this disease of the brain.")

Title: Magical Curing

Length: 27 min.

Produced: Waveland Press

Date: 1988

Location(s): ·University of Lethbridge Library GN 296 M28

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "This video offers unusual footage of the curing practices of the Wape people of New Guinea. Scenes of demon curing, festivals and exorcisms, as well as the introduced practices of western medical patrols are shown.")

Title: Making Babies (On The Eighth Day Series)

Length: 50 min.

Produced: National Film Board Canada

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC QH438.7 .B8

·St. Joseph's College Ethics Centre

·Red Deer College Library RG 133.5 M355

·Foothills Hospital Library (no call numbers)

Description: This video considers the ethics of having science and industry play any kind of role in the reproduction of human life. The following is a description from the back of the video jacket cover: "From a high tech marketplace in Paris, to the work being done in a fertility clinic in London, Ontario and a surrogacy centre in LA, Making Babies takes a critical look at reproductive technologies and provides a chilling account of its development and use. Through interviews with doctors, drug salesmen, infertile women, surrogates and feminist critics like Gena Corea, the film explores the origins and applications of the technology and the dangers it may pose to women and to society as a whole."

Medical Issues: ·In Vitro Fertilization

·surrogate motherhood

·infertility as a medical condition

Ethical Issues: ·medicalization of childbirth

·infertility as an illness and a failure on the part of a woman - and associated social implications with respect to individual identity and self-esteem

·"newness" of new reproductive technologies (NRTs) and the corresponding "unknownness"

·commodification of childbirth and procreation

·NRTs as innovative therapy or human experimentation when no long term research studies available

·possibility of informed consent in NRTs

·resource allocation - the appropriateness of tax dollars funding research in NRTs

·NRTs as the opportunity for the medical establishment to have power over nature

·women's bodies as the objects of research for a predominantly male medical establishment

·ethics of bioengineering

·psychological repercussions of failure of NRTs for women

Perspective: The video is based strongly on a woman's perspective.

Watchability: This is a very well made public television quality program.

Comments: This video provides a very important perspective from a woman's point of view of NRTs. It is very worthwhile for personal viewing and as supplementary viewing for a discussion of these issues. Unfortunately, in whole, it is too long for viewing in a workshop setting. However, the first twenty minutes or so could be used effectively to introduce the topic.

Topics: ·Informed Consent

·Health Care and Technology

·An Analysis of the values in Canadian Health Care

·Resource Allocation

·Ethics and Reproductive Technologies

·Ethics and Women's Health Issues

Title: Making Choices: Managerial Ethics: No. 25

Length: 8 min.

Produced: Intelecom

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V05998

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Maintains that one of the most talked about complex issues in business today is ethics. Defines managerial ethics and social responsibility and differentiates between the two. Compares legal standards with ethical standards, and explains how a manager's values affect his or her actions and organizations. STUDY GUIDE")

Title: Making Decisions About Tube Feeding

Length: 60 min.

Produced: U of A Health Sciences Media Services

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

·Lethbridge Community College Library V.T. R 726 M344

Description: In this video various perspectives on tube feeding in continuing care are considered. The program begins with a review of why the treatment might be required, the costs involved, the possible complications that may arise. The video then moves on to various issues presented by Donna Wilson (nurse/bioethicist), John Dossetor (bioethicist/physician), Gerald Robertson (lawyer), Cliff Nelson and Rev. R. Heydemann.

Medical Issues: ·GI tube and NG tube feeding

Ethical Issues: ·technological imperative - using technology because it is available

·autonomy vs. paternalism

·role of nurses in ethical decision making

·competence vs. not-competent patient

·who is involved in decision making, at what points?

·withholding and withdrawing treatment

·personal directives

Perspective: Various perspectives are offered in this video which overall is fairly balanced.

Watchability: This is a well made home video/instructional video quality program. The speakers each present as if reading the news at an anchor desk. This gives the video the feel of a lecture series which can be a little boring to watch after awhile.

Comments: The video is a little long and becomes a little dry after a short time. It is good at actually talking about the issues involved and may be valuable for someone wishing to learn about the subject in some detail. However, for the purposes of stimulating discussion, using a case study might be more effective. One may wish to present just one panelist's perspective in a group setting - especially good were Dr. Dossetor's and Cliff Nelson's presentations.

Topics: ·Personal Directives

·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

·Informed Consent

·Health Care and Technology

Length: 51 min.

Produced: National Film Board Canada

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC QH438.7 .B8

·St. Joseph's College Ethics Centre

·Red Deer College Library RG 133.5 M356

·Foothills Hospital Library (no call numbers)

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Making the System Work for You

Length: 18 min.

Produced: JB Lippincott

Date: 1985

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RT23 M35

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Malpractice (Managing Our Miracles - Health Care in America Series)

Length: 40 min.

Produced: Columbia University Seminars on Media and Society

Date: 1986

Location(s): ·The Bioethics Centre - U of A

Description: This is a moderated round table discussion featuring prominent American politicians, health care professionals and others about how to prevent lawsuits being brought against physicians.

Medical Issues: ·premature babies

Ethical Issues: ·responsibilities of physicians to patient

·responsibilities of patients to physicians

·role of legalistic view of health care on health care system

·roles of self-regulation and state regulation in the medical profession

·cost of access to justice/representation with respect to resource allocation (including emotional and financial costs)

Perspective: A fairly balanced view is offered in the context of the U.S. health care system.

Watchability: The beginning and the end of this tape are cut off and the tape quality is a little poor at times as well. The program itself is a well made public television quality show.

Comments: This video is alright. It highlights the legal implications and peculiarities of the U.S. health care system and the high incidence of malpractice there. It is not particularly helpful, however, even of talking about this issue in the U.S. context.

Topics: ·Legal Issues in Health Care

Title: Malpractice (Medical Legal Issues Series)

Length: 11 min.

Produced: Access

Date: 1985

Location(s): ·Red Deer College Library RA 1056.5 M42

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Experts talk about how standard of care for medical professionals is set and about the difference between medical error and negligence.")

Title: Manifest and Latent Content in Communication

Length: Not Available

Produced: AVC Nursing Series

Date: 1977

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RT86 M3

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: The Manipulative Client

Length: 30 min.

Produced: American Journal of Nursing

Date: 1977

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RC440 M3

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Map Of Life : Science, Society, And The Human Genome

Produced: Carolina Biological Supply Co.

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Grande Prairie Regional College Library QH/445.2/.M35/

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: A Matter of the Mind

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: VEC/Criterion

Date: 1989

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RC455 M37

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: The Meaning of Suffering in a Multicultural Perspective - Joint Clinical Ethics Seminar

Length: 55 min.

Produced: U of A Health Sciences Media Services

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

Description: This video features a panel discussion with three physicians and one theologian talking about the effects of suffering on individuals from different ethnic backgrounds. The program reviews how suffering in human experience is viewed in Sikh, Buddhist, Muslim and Irish American cultures.

Ethical Issues: ·multicultural ethics

·role of suffering in life

·distinction between pain and suffering

·importance of relationship of individual attitude to suffering

Perspective: This program features a multicultural perspective.

Watchability: This is a home video quality program. The video taping is fairly simple and the speakers can be a little stiff so the program can get a bit boring. Sometimes the speakers are a little hard to follow.

Comments: This video provides a good introduction to different perspectives on human suffering. It is not particularly moving on its own but showing short snippets from each lecture may be a good introduction for a discussion. It is recommended for personal viewing.

Topics: ·Cross Cultural Ethics

Title: Means And Criteria

Length: 15 min.

Produced: Access Network

Date: 1984

Location(s): ·Education Resource Centre For Continuing Care V- 045N

Description: This is an information video that looks at the ethics of medical research.

Ethical Issues: ·the Nuremberg code for research ethics

·the role of research ethics committees

·informed consent

·experimental research vs. treatment

Perspective: The video takes a balanced look at the topic. A legal perspective is also offered.

Watchability: This is a very well made information video quality program.

Comments: The video successfully provides a good general review of the subject, especially issues surrounding research ethics committees. It would be important to ensure that the legal perspective offered is still up-to-date.

Topics: ·Ethics Committees

·Informed Consent

Title: Medical Ethics - Medical Aspects of Mental Retardation

Length: 30 min.

Produced: National Institute of Mental Retardation

Date: 1983

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A CM585

Description: This is a story of a girl with Down Syndrome and her family. It depicts the impact of the condition on the girl and the challenges and benefits this provides for the family.

Medical Issues: girl born with:

·congenital heart malformation

·ventricular central defect

·aberrant right subclavian artery

·Down Syndrome.

Needing at age 5 heart surgery repairing:

·right superior vena cava

·right pulmonary artery

·anastomosis.

At age 9 needing surgery to:

·left blalok anastomosis

·left subclavian artery

·left pulmonary artery anastomosis.

At age 11 needing care for:

·closure of ventricular septal defect

·relief of pulmonary valvular stenosis

·closure of left blalok anastomosis.

·cardiac failure

·hypothyroidism

·installation of a pacemaker

Ethical Issues: ·who defines what is normal and what is the physician's role in this

·rights of the disabled

·existence v. non-existence

·role of physician as gatekeeper to services

·distinction between medical fact and value judgement

·importance of physician's presentation of situation to family on decision making

·different conceptions of egalitarianism

·autonomy and competence for the developmentally disabled

·sexual rights of the developmentally disabled

·importance of family - physician relationship in providing care

Perspective: A fairly liberal perspective is offered that shows a balanced view of the quality of life of a child with a disability.

Watchability: This is a well made public television quality documentary. It is easy to watch though a little old looking.

Comments: This is a very good video that frames the questions of ethics and the developmentally disabled and issues of resource allocation well. The first half is particularly good at talking about ethics and the developmentally disabled. The second half is more concerned with the issue of the sexual rights of the disabled.

Topics: ·Ethics and the Disabled

·Resource Allocation

·Ethics and Technology

·Ethics and Mental Health

·Ethical Issues at the Beginning of Life

·Introduction to Bioethics

Title: Medical Experimentation (Medical - Legal Issues Series)

Length: 3 Parts, 10 min. each

Produced: Access Network

Date: 1984

Location(s): ·Education Resource Centre For Continuing Care V- 045I, J, K

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Medical Futility: Re-examining the Goals of Medicine

Length: Not Available

Produced: Loma Linda University, School of Medicine

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·St. Joseph's College Ethics Centre

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Medicalization of the Female Experience

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: U of A Women's Studies / U of A Health Sciences Media Services

Date: 1990

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC114

·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

Description: In this video Dr. Winnie Tomm speaks on the relationship between women and the health care system. She discusses how the medical establishment often fails to treat women and women's health issues with due respect and serious attention.

Medical Issues: ·PMS as a psychological condition

Ethical Issues: ·treating people as individuals rather than as part of a generic group

·gender bias in the focus of the goals of health care - seeing a woman's differences to a man as problematic

·dignity and respect in treating persons

·medicalization of society - health defined by illness experts rather than by personal rights and responsibilities

·disregard of the female experience by the medical establishment

·values underlying modern science

·demedicalization - the tension between reductionism and multi-faceted causation

Perspective: A women's perspective is offered in this program.

Watchability: This is a good home video quality program.

Comments: In this program Dr. Tomm offers a stern representation of very important issues concerning women and the medical establishment. Some of the points she makes can be a little difficult to grasp all at one sitting. It is a very worthwhile program that is good to watch in segments, discussing as one goes along.

Topics: ·An Analysis of the Values in Canadian Health Care

·Ethics and Women's Health Issues

Title: Medicare : The Cost Of Caring

Length: 15 min.

Produced: CBC News in review

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·University of Lethbridge Library 070.195

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Medicine and the Cree Culture

Length: 10 min.

Produced: Sunburst Productions - Endeavours Communications

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A NVC593

Description: This video provides a look at some of the cultural differences that arise in the hospital care of native patients - particularly the Plains Tree Indians.

Medical Issues: ·sweetgrass therapy

Ethical Issues: ·cultural needs in care

·respecting patient dignity

·cultural differences between hospital and patient

·role of native medicine in context of modern Western health care

·tolerance and understanding

Perspective: The video shows the perspective of a naive community living in Alberta. It offers a positive cross cultural care view.

Watchability: This is a very well made information video quality program.

Comments: The video demonstrates a good example of cross cultural care. Because of its length and content, it can be very helpful in introducing the topic of ethics and cultural diversity.

Topics: ·Ethics and Cultural Diversity

Title: Medicine And Mercy

Length: 26 min.

Produced: Films for the Humanities and Sciences

Date: 1985

Location(s): ·Mount Royal College Library RA1063.M42

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Medico-Legal Concerns in General Practice

Length: 15 min.

Produced: MD TV

Date: Not Available

Location(s): ·U of C Medical Library VT300 V.6 I.1

Description: This is a documentary look at some of the legal issues that face general practitioners of medicine (family medicine physicians). The video is meant for a physician audience aiming to impart some basic legal principles for use in practice.

Ethical Issues: ·confidentiality

·risk management

·quality assurance

·informed consent

·negligence and liability

Perspective: A legal perspective is offered.

Watchability: This is a fairly well made information video quality program. It is in lecture format so a little dry.

Comments: The video focuses on the legal issues for general practitioners and is not recommended for other audiences. Issues raised are treated reasonably well but better video resources are available to present these issues to the lay person or for use in a workshop or seminar so it is not recommended for these purposes.

Topics: ·Legal Issues in Health Care

Title: Mental And Socioeconomic Assessment

Length: 16 min.

Produced: Concept Media

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Mount Royal College Library RC953.M46

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: My Health Care - I Decide

Length: 24 min.

Produced: Seniors' Independence Program - Health and Welfare Canada

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

Description: This video explores the need for, and the role of advance health care directives in empowering individuals to take control of their health care. It contains interviews with health care providers, patients and family in various settings: wards in hospitals, the community, family conferences and nursing homes.

Ethical Issues: ·paternalism vs. autonomy

·competence

·importance of communication between health care providers (especially physicians) and patients/patients families

·importance of communication between health care professionals

·power relations in the health care setting

·slippery slope to pressure on individuals to refuse treatment at end of life

Perspective: The video offers a pro-autonomy perspective.

Watchability: This is a very well made instructional video quality program.

Comments: The video features good discussions of autonomy in making health care decisions for a dying patient. However, it is more about promoting the "Let Me Decide" advance directive program than about discussing ethical issues involved. The program is fairly worthwhile watching, but not particularly recommended for use in group settings.

Topics: ·Personal Directives

·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

Title: Middle Of The End

Length: 28 min.

Produced: University Of New Mexico Centre For Aging Research Education And Service

Date: 1990

Location(s): ·Education Resource Centre For Continuing Care V- V633

Description: This video is a combination documentary and series of vignettes looking at issues about aging. The cases include: 1) a hospitalized elderly woman wanting to die; 2) an elderly gentleman with Alzheimer's disease who becomes increasing violent and difficult for the family to care for so the decision is made to move him to a home for the elderly; 3) an elderly man who is an alcoholic and a victim of severe burns goes into cardiac arrest forcing the decision whether to resuscitate him or not; and 4) a stroke victim with a personal directive - follow or not?

Medical Issues: ·lung disease/heart attack in the elderly

·the sedation of the violent elderly with Alzheimer's disease

Ethical Issues: ·importance of 'being valuable' to the lives of the elderly

·physician assisted life - treatment when not wanted

·right to die

·personal directives

·competence in the elderly, especially when sick

·use of restraints to control the behaviour of the not- competent

·financial cost of services, especially with regard to the 'undesirable patient'

·Do Not Resuscitate, Do Not Intubate, Do Not Hospitalize orders

·society's responsibility towards the elderly

·initial intervention as being the cause of ethical dilemmas

Perspective: The perspective of the elderly is highlighted though a balanced approach is taken.

Watchability: This is a well made public television quality documentary. The video can be a little dry at times.

Comments: The video successfully raises a number of intersecting issues. The third situation is an especially interesting look at microallocation issues and the role of financial cost and individual lifestyle in allocation decisions. The segments can be used individual (~ 5 min. each) to introduce a particular topic to a group or to foster discussion. The video is also fairly worthwhile for personal viewing.

Topics: ·Ethics and the Elderly

·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

·Personal Directives

·Health Care and Technology

·Introduction to Bioethics

·Resource Allocation

·Ethics and Long Term Care

Title: My Health Care - Understanding My Choices (Let Me Decide series)

Length: 15 min.

Produced: Jumpstart Productions Ltd. for Dr. D. W. Molloy

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

Description: This video explains the choices of health care listed in the personal health chart portion of the Let Me Decide Advanced Directive program. Choices in three areas are discussed: i) the level of care desired, ii) the various feeding options and iii) cardiac arrest.

Medical Issues: ·pneumonia as a reversible life threatening illness

·stroke as an irreversible life threatening illness

Ethical Issues: ·advanced directives

Perspective: The video offers a perspective that is against extreme intervention in irreversible conditions at the end of life. It is in favour of the making of advanced directives.

Watchability: This is a well made information video quality program.

Comments: This is mostly an information video for filling out an advanced directive. There is not too much in the way of direct ethical discussion featured.

Topics: ·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

·Personal Directives

Title: The Myths of Mental Illness

Length: 57 min.

Produced: National Film Board Canada

Date: 1988

Location(s) ·Medicine Hat College Library RC437.5 M87

·Foothills Hospital Library

Description: This video is a documentary/dramatization of a man's struggle with stress and mental illness. It include's interviews with psychiatrists who espouse opposing views of mental illness.

Medical Issues: ·addiction/dependency

Ethical Issues: ·drug therapy and psycho therapy as behaviour modification tools

·importance of care in human relationships in treatment

Perspective: The video provides the patient's perspective and the physicians' views on mental illness.

Watchability: This is a well made, public television quality program.

Comments: No ethical issues are explicitly addressed in this video. It does provide some insight into mental illness and may be valuable personal viewing. However, it is not recommended for use in a group setting.

Topics: ·Ethics and Mental Health

Title: Nancy B: The Right to Die

Length: 13 min.

Produced: CBC TV News in Review

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Mount Royal College Library AN 619014

Description: This is a television news report on the case of Nancy B, a 24 year old woman who was paralyzed from the neck down and wanted to be disconnected from the respirator maintaining her life; therefore, allowed to die. The video also reviews the work of Dr. J. Kevorkian in assisting the death of a Janet Atkins.

Medical Issues: ·Guyen Barr syndrome leaving one paralyzed from the neck down

Ethical Issues: ·withholding/withdrawing life sustaining treatment

·right to refuse treatment

·autonomy

·active vs. passive euthanasia

·personal directives

·dignity in death

·principle of double effect

Perspective: The video promotes individual autonomy but offers a balanced view in general.

Watchability: This is a very well made private television quality program.

Comments: This video is very good at introducing some end of life issues. It does not delve too deeply into the ethical issues that arise, but is ideal for setting up a discussion in a group setting for workshop or seminar purposes. However, for personal viewing, there are better, more thorough programs on the ethical issues at the end of life that are available.

Topics: ·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

·Legal Issues in Health Care

·Personal Directives

·Health Care and Technology

·An Analysis of the Values in Canadian Health Care

·Introduction to Bioethics

Title: Nature of Ethical Problems (Ethics, Values and Health Care Series)

Length: about 20 min.

Produced: Concept Media

Date: 1980

Location(s): ·Lethbridge Community College Library V.T. R 724 E8442

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Nature & Nurture / Donahue

Produced: Multimedia Entertainment

Date: 1987

Location(s): ·Grande Prairie Regional College Library BF/121/.D64/no.3

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Negligence: Principles for Nursing Personnel (Medical - Legal Issues series)

Length: 16 min.

Produced: Viacom for U of A Hospital

Date: 1989

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A NVC254

·University of Calgary Medical Library VT 346

Description: This video provides a review of the legal definition of negligence for nursing personnel.

Ethical Issues: ·negligence

·nurse's responsibility to the patient

·professional duty/responsibility

·limits of the duty to care

Perspective: This program offers a legal perspective on the issue.

Watchability: This is a well made information video quality program.

Comments: This show is good at outlining the legal requirements of nurses.

Topics: ·Legal Issues in Health Care

Title: New Healers

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: WGBH - Boston

Date: 1977

Location(s): ·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V04918

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Shows how two distinct cultures are trying to overcome the neglect of health care - in Tanzania, Africa and Lee County, Arkansas. As in much of the materially impoverished world, describes how health care is changing. Discusses how the establishment of health clinics, and training health care workers (not medical doctors) has greatly improved the health status of the people. Concentrates on preventive measures, medication and immunization - for diseases as hookworm, Malaria (in Tanzania), measles, and malnutrition.")

Title: The New Mental Health Act

Length: 10 min.

Produced: Medicine Hat Regional Hospital

Date: 1990

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RA790.7 C3 N48

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: The No Code (Medical - Legal Issues Series)

Length: 10 min.

Produced: Access Network

Date: 1984

Location(s): ·Education Resource Centre For Continuing Care V- 045T

Description: This is an information video that looks at issues surrounding DNR orders through a series of interviews with health professionals, lawyers and patients.

Ethical Issues: ·considerations of quality of life informing decisions of whether or not to resuscitate

·autonomy/paternalism in deciding the value of life

·whose decision ought code status be?

·harms caused by resuscitation

·importance of clarity in code/no code orders

·impact on nurses when order clarity is lacking

·why not using extraordinary means to save a life is reasonable

·importance of periodical review of order to make sure it coheres with patient's progress/prognosis

Perspective: A balanced view is presented. A legal perspective is also offered.

Watchability: Very well made information video quality program.

Comments: This video provides a very good overview of the issues surrounding resuscitation orders. It is valuable for showing to a group or for personal viewing. It is important to ensure that the legal perspective offered is still up-to-date.

Topics: ·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

·Legal Issues in Health Care

·Health Care and Technology

·Ethics and Long Term Care

·Team Decision-Making

Title: No Heroic Measures

Length: 23 min.

Produced: Carle Medical Communications

Date: 1986

Location(s): ·Education Resource Centre for Continuing Care V- 314

·Red Deer College Library R726 N647

·University of Lethbridge Library R 726 N6

Description: The video, which comes with a discussion guide, is the dramatization of a case where a woman wants tube feeding removed from a relative living in a nursing home. The video goes through a hearing held to try and persuade a judge to have the tube removed. The hearing features the attending physician, the nurse, an ethicist, and a neurologist.

Medical Issues: ·naso-gastric (NG) tube maintaining life of non-competent (suffering severe dementia) elderly patient with diabetes melitis

Ethical Issues: ·personal directives/living wills

·nutrition and hydration as treatment

·dignity in dying

·surrogate decision-making

·impact of needing legal action to have wishes respected

·euthanasia - allowing to die vs. killing

·impact on nurse who must carry out wishes of patient/physician

Perspective: The video offers a balanced perspective on the debate but favours the acceptance of living wills or personal directives.

Watchability: This is an old looking public television quality program that is fairly easy to watch.

Comments: The video tends to shift the focus to the medical indications of the case rather than some of the ethical issues involved. It is a reasonably good video, but other programs are available that offer a more thorough review of the issues at the end of life for the personal viewer and that capture the difficulty involved and highlight the salient issues for someone presenting to a group.

Topics: ·Ethics and the Elderly

·Legal Issues in Health Care

·Personal Directives

·Health Care and Technology

·Ethics and Long Term Care

Title: No Place To Go

Length: 30 min.

Produced: National Film Board of Canada

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A NVC510

Description: This documentary follows the problem of the increased numbers of homeless people with mental illness who are on Canadian streets as a result of a move to de-institutionalization and a lack of community support services.

Medical Issues: ·chronic Schizophrenia

·Manic-Depression

Ethical Issues: ·jails as medical centres for the homeless

·individualism/autonomy vs. paternalism

·society's interest/responsibility towards the homeless/mentally ill

Perspective: The perspective of the homeless mentally ill is depicted in this program.

Watchability: This is a very well made public television quality program.

Comments: This program is excellent for introducing the issue of macro resource allocation, the definition of health appropriate for Canadian society and the limits of the Canadian health care system. It is too long, perhaps, for showing in its entirety in a group setting, but is amenable to having just portions of the video shown. It is well recommended for personal viewing.

Topics: ·Resource Allocation

·Analysis of the Values in Canadian Health Care

·Ethics and Mental Health

Title: Nurse Harris Speaks Out

Length: 50 min.

Produced: U of A Health Sciences Media Services

Date: Not Available

Location(s): ·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC-108

Description: This video discusses interprofessional relationships in health care using a case where a conflict arises within a health care team. The program begins with a discussion of the Georgetown mantra and then moves to the case used for discussion which is presented from various perspectives. The video is in lecture format with presentations by Janet Storch (bioethicist/nurse), John Dossetor (bioethicist/physician), and Glen Griener (philosopher).

Ethical Issues: ·role of the physician within a health care team

·medical ethics as a social contract or hierarchical power order of government from physician to health care worker to patient

·responsibility of physician to society

·information sharing - truth telling

·biases of health care professionals with regard to other health care professionals

Perspective: The issue is tackled from a number of sides providing a fairly balanced perspective.

Watchability: This is a home video quality program featuring presentations in lecture form, but it is still fairly easy to watch.

Comments: Overall, this program is well worthwhile and recommended viewing. The brief introduction to bioethics provided at the beginning is reasonably good. The case study is very good for a discussion between health care professionals. There is a question period in the middle that is not very good - it is difficult to hear and relatively unhelpful. The end of the video gets better as variations of case are run through.

Topics: ·Introduction to Bioethics

·Team Decision Making

Title: Nurse Patient Interaction

Length: 50 min.

Produced: Concept Media

Date: 1990

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RT86 N87

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Nurse/Physician Relationship (Ethics, Values and Health Care Series)

Length: about 20 min.

Produced: Concept Media

Date: 1980

Location(s): ·Lethbridge Community College Library V.T. R 724 E8442

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Nurses Care (Nursing Ethics)

Length: 5 Parts, 29 min. each

Produced: National Film Board Of Canada

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC RT42 .T73

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Nurses Have Feelings Too

Length: 20 min.

Produced: Magic Lantern

Date: Not Available

Location(s): ·Mount Royal College Library RT86.N87

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Nursing Approaches To Everyday Ethical Challenges

Length: 30 min.

Produced: Visual Education Centre

Date: 1985

Location(s): ·Mount Royal College Library RT85.N87

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Nursing and the Next Millennium

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: Discovery International Inc.

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·Red Deer College Library RA 724 S575

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Nursing Obligations (Ethics, Values and Health Care Series)

Length: about 20 min.

Produced: Concept Media

Date: 1980

Location(s): ·Lethbridge Community College Library V.T. R 724 E8442

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: The Old Folks Down Home

Length: 29 min.

Produced: NFB Canada

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RC954 O4

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: The Old Person's Friend (Discussions in Bioethics Series)

Length: 11 min.

Produced: National Film Board Canada

Date: 1985

Location(s): ·P.H.E.N.

·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC022

·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC R724 .D57

·St. Joseph's College Ethics Centre

·Mount Royal College Library R724.F35

·Education Resource Centre For Continuing Care V-105B

·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V06332

·University of Lethbridge Library R 724 D56

·Lethbridge Community College Library V.T. R 724 D57

·NAIT VTC 241

Description: In this vignette an elderly woman patient at the end of life is non-compliant with respect to her treatment. The video depicts the physician's desire to forcibly continue aggressive treatment and the ethical conflict that ensues.

Medical Issues: ·stroke

·pneumonia and high temperature - resulting in death if untreated

Ethical Issues: ·to treat the non-compliant patient or not

·nurse-physician relations in decision-making at end of life

·consent, competence and autonomy

·right to dignity

·society's interest in maintaining life

Perspective: A balanced view is offered in this video.

Watchability: The story moves along a little slowly in this well produced if old looking public television quality program.

Comments: This video is not bad for use as a springboard into a discussion of autonomy and the right to die. The strong-arm of the physician seems a little dated view but can be manipulated to move the discussion forward. There are, however, a number of better videos on the topic more suited for personal viewing.

Topics: ·Ethical Issues at the End of life

·Ethics and the Elderly

·Introduction to Bioethics

Title: Opening The Door To Community Health

Length: 56 min.

Produced: Cinefocus Productions

Date: 1991

Location(s): ·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V05736

·NAIT VTC 348

·Medicine Hat College Library RA 425 O6

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Reviews the history of health care (Medicare) in Canada; how, why and where it started. Through profiles of health care centres and conversations with health care professionals, along with noted commentators on the system, examines the changes taking place now and how they will affect the health care consumer - the taxpayer. Presents a variety of current health issues which makes the program a key for focused group discussion.")

Title: The Oregon Plan - 60 Minutes

Length: 15 min.

Produced: CBS Inc.

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·The Bioethics Centre, U of A

Description: This is an investigative news report on Oregon's proposal for universal health care insurance coverage.

Medical Issues: ·anencephalic children

·low birth weight newborns - extremely costly to maintain life

Ethical Issues: ·macroallocation of resources

·justice vs. fairness

·efficiency vs. equality in the delivery of health care services

·importance of health care to members of society

·limits of society's responsibility to its members

·appropriateness of developing an arbitrary line defining the limits of covered care

·rationing of health care

·importance of individual needs vs. needs of a group

Perspective: The program is in favour of the Oregon plan presented. The show takes place in the context of the U.S. health care system.

Watchability: This is a very well made private television quality program.

Comments: The program is short enough and covers a large number of issues making it a very useful tool for a guided discussion of some basic allocation issues involved in health care reform. As personal viewing the video also provides a good introduction to the proposed changes in health care resource allocation in Oregon.

Topics: ·Resource Allocation

·An Analysis of the Values in Canadian Health Care

Title: Organ Donation - A Guide for Health Care Personnel (Medical Legal Issues Series)

Length: 12 min.

Produced: Viacom for U of A Hospitals

Date: 1990

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A NVC258

·University of Calgary Medical Library VT 348

Description: This video offers a general description of the issues around obtaining organs for transplantation for health care professionals in a question and answer format.

Medical Issues: ·organ donation and transplantation

Ethical Issues: ·informed consent

·presumed consent

·sale of organs

·confidentiality

·donor and recipient rights

·autonomy

·personal directives

·responsibility for asking for donations

Perspective: The video offers a legal perspective.

Watchability: This is a very well made information video quality program.

Comments: This is a fairly informative and thought provoking video. It might prove useful as an introduction for a discussion of transplantation issues.

Topics: ·Informed Consent

·Legal issues in Health Care Ethics

·Ethical Issues in Transplantation

Title: An Ounce of Prevention

Length: 59 min.

Produced: Magic Lantern

Date: 1991

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RC455 O9

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Out of Mind

Length: 52 min.

Produced: Films for the Humanities and Sciences

Date: 1989

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RC514 O9

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Overcoming Hospital Anxiety

Length: 30 min.

Produced: Magic Lantern

Date: 1987

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RA965.3 O82

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Pastoral Care - Caring for People's Spirits

Length: 9 min.

Produced: Alberta Pastoral Care Association

Date: 1984

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC004

Description: This video describes pastoral care in the Alberta health care system.

Ethical Issues: ·role of pastoral care

·role of the spirit in health

·importance of multi-religion pastoral care

Perspective: The pastoral care perspective is offered in this video.

Watchability: The video is in documentary style, but does not involve moving pictures. It consists only of audio over a series of images - like a slide show on video and therefore a little dry and hard to watch.

Comments: The first few minutes of this program make for a reasonable introduction for a discussion of the need or role for spiritual care in a hospital setting. The video is not particularly stimulating to watch and should serve as a backup rather than as the first choice for using in a group setting.

Topics: ·Ethics and Cultural Diversity

Title: Patient Autonomy (Ethics, Values and Health Care Series)

Length: 21 min.

Produced: Concept Media

Date: 1980

Location(s): ·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC RT85 .E82

·Lethbridge Community College Library V.T. R 724 E8442

Description: This video is part of a made for discussion program series that presents an issue and then stops every few minutes to present discussion questions. This program aims at sensitizing nurses to situations in which patients' autonomy may be compromised. It follows ethical dilemmas in the following four cases: 1) a mother whose husband is about to be disconnected from life support systems wants her children to see their father one last time but nurses refuse; 2) when a patient refuses treatment that a physician feels is necessary, he sends the nurse to convince the patient; 3) a dying patient asks a nurse what she thinks his chances are; and 4) spinal injury patients wanting to know what their future holds.

Ethical Issues: ·patient autonomy vs. paternalism

·health care professionals fostering a relationship of dependency with patients so as to be able to influence their decision about their care

·health care professionals as those in best position to make ethical decisions

·role of family as patients in end of life decisions

·informed consent

·competency of children

·convincing patients to seek treatment (coercion)

·impact on nurses forced to carry out procedures they feel are unethical

Perspective: The video favours increased patient autonomy in a very paternalistic context. The video takes place in the U.S. health care context.

Watchability: This is not really a film. Rather, it is a number of slides with voice over. It's alright, but a little old looking. The medium itself is a little dry and boring to look at.

Comments: The program is good at explaining some of the issues it raises and the philosophical concepts behind them. The presentation, however, is a little unpleasant to watch.

Topics: ·Informed Consent

·Introduction to Bioethics

Title: Patient Rights - The Art of Caring

Length: 19 min.

Produced: Medcom Inc.

Date: 1990

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A NVC551

·Mount Royal College Library KF 3823.P37

Description: This video features narration and dramatization of a case to in providing a description of patient rights for legal purposes in U.S. context.

Ethical Issues: ·patient rights re: -information of rights - making decisions - association and communication - privacy and personal property - freedom from abuse and restraint - quality care and dignity

·non-compliant patient

·paternalism

Perspective: A legal perspective for U.S. health care delivery worker is offered.

Watchability: This is a fairly well made information video quality program.

Comments: The video is meant as protection for providers of health care - how to protect one's own interests. Despite the title, the program is not really about an ethic of care, though it does touch lightly upon the importance of relational ethics and may perhaps be more interesting as a springboard for discussion on how such a cold/legal oriented climate for delivery of health care comes to rise.

Topics: ·Resource Allocation (broad view)

Title: A Patient's Bill of Rights (Ethics, Values and Health Care Series)

Length: 25 min.

Produced: Concept Media

Date: 1980

Location(s): ·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC RT85 .E82

·Lethbridge Community College Library V.T. R 724 E8442

Description: This video is part of a made for discussion program series. This particular program reviews the twelve provisions in the Bill of Rights put out by the American Hospital Associations. It outlines the bill for patients and health care workers, describing what a patient has a right to expect in a hospital setting.

Ethical Issues: ·patient rights

·the hospital as an intimidating environment for a patient

·nurse as patient advocate

·individual dignity

·society's responsibility to care for the institutionalized elderly

·information sharing - truth telling

·informed consent

·privacy

·confidentiality

Perspective: The video takes place in a U.S. health care context and offers what appears a legalistic perspective.

Watchability: This is not really a film. Rather, it is a number of slides with voice over. It's alright, but a little old looking. The medium itself is a little dry and boring to look at.

Comments: The program demonstrates the differences between the U.S. and Canadian health care systems. It is good at looking at how patients ought to be treated, but really not particularly helpful for bioethics topics or discussion in general.

Topics: ·Legal Issues and Health Care

Title: Persistent Vegetative State

Reviewed By: Rachel Lynch

Length: 17 min.

Produced: Centre for Healthcare Ethics, St. Joseph's Health System

Date: 1988

Location(s): ·P.H.E.N.

·St. Joseph's College Ethics Centre

Description: Description of the persistent vegetative state by the neurologist, Dr. Ronald Cranford. He also explored the categories of (i) PVS, anencephalic infants; (ii) profoundly demented; and (iii) "locked-in" syndrome. There was also a description of the effects of withdrawal of nutrition/hydration.

Medical Issues: ·PVS, profound dementia, "Locked-in" Syndrome

·reliability of diagnosis

Ethical Issues: ·withdrawal of treatment (including nutrition/hydration)

·end-of-life issues

·competency

·benefit/burden

Watchability: Relatively good

Comments: Gave a clear, basic overview of brain capacity and functioning and various syndromes associated with brain damage.

Topics: ·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

·Ethics and the Disabled

Title: Perspectives on Grace

Length: 23 min.

Produced: Life Core

Date: 1988

Location(s): ·University of Lethbridge Library RC 523 L58

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Professor Georgia Stevens presents an overview of behavioural and emotional symptoms associated with different stages of Alzheimer's disease and dementing illness. Commentary is based on the case presentation in the videotape documentaries Living with Grace and Caregiving with Grace. Specific caregiving strategies addressed include: communication; cognitive stimulation; activities of daily living; and management of the problematic behaviours associated with Alzheimer's disease.")

Title: Perspectives In Science : Exploring Science, Technology And Society

Length: Not Available

Produced: National Film Board of Canada

Date: 1989

Location(s): ·Grande Prairie Regional College Library Q/175.5/.P47

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: The Physician's Point of View (Medical - Legal Issues Series)

Length: 10 min.

Produced: Access Alberta

Date: 1984

Location(s) ·Red Deer College Library KE 3663 I5 M439

·Education Resource Centre for Continuing Care V-045Q

Description: This video explores the issue of a physician's responsibility to fully inform patients of treatment risks.

Ethical Issues: ·doctor-patient confidentiality

·physician's responsibility to fully inform a patient when the patient is not ready to receive information or does not want to know but the doctor is legally forced to disclose information

·informed consent

·autonomy vs. paternalism

·conflicting needs to edify and inform patients

·value judgments in risk assessment

·physical/practical limits to fully informing

·more information as leading to less hope

Perspective: The video looks at the physician's views (which tend to be a little paternalistic) in this video. A legal perspective is also given.

Watchability: This is a very well made public television quality program.

Comments: This is a very good video for issues of informed consent. It would be ideal if this video could be balanced with another short program suggesting that not enough information is given to patients by physicians. It is recommended, nevertheless, for both personal and group viewing. It is important to note that because the video is old, there is a need to confirm that the legal opinions expressed are still relevant.

Topics: ·Legal Issues in Health care

·Informed Consent

Title: The Plant Gods

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: University of Saskatchewan

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V05965

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Do we have the right, even in the plant world to manipulate life itself? Reviews research in biotechnology being conducted into more effective farming practices. Examines plant genetic engineering and its political and socio-economic effects on the global economy. Discusses trends in agriculture today and the move towards world self-sufficiency, trade barriers, declining markets, and export opportunities for the North American farmers.")

Title: Politics In Nursing (Issues in Nursing Series)

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: Access Network

Date: 1991

Location(s): ·Red Deer College Library RT 41 I889

·Education Resource Centre For Continuing Care V-735B

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Politics Of Food - Vol. IV

Length: 52 min.

Produced: CBC

Date: 1987

Location(s): ·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V05127

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Compares population, health care, education, politics, and general living conditions in Kerala, a self- sufficient society in southern India, to Bangladesh who has always relied heavily on foreign aid. Discusses why Bangladesh has been vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters, and questions if it will ever be able to support itself.")

Title: Poverty: What Is Nursing's Role? (Issues In Nursing Series)

Length: 29 min.

Produced: Access Network

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Red Deer College Library RT 41 I889

·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC RT6 .A1 P37

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Pre- and Post-Test Counselling for Physicians (AIDS Video Series)

Length: 30 min.

Produced: Not Available

Date: 1991

Location(s): JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC166

Description: This is an AIDS informational video that reviews who is at risk for the disease and what the pre- and post test counselling procedures ought to be.

Medical Issues: ·AIDS

Ethical Issues: ·informed consent for testing procedures

·how to insure confidentiality of test information

·how to deal with a potentially HIV positive patients

Perspective: The video offers a balanced perspective.

Watchability: This is a very well produced information video quality program.

Comments: This video does not offer a very strong discussion of ethical issues involved in testing for the HIV virus. However, portions of it may prove valuable for introducing a discussion on various testing procedures, from the importance of counselling before and after testing to informed consent.

Topics: ·Informed Consent

Title: The Pressing Need For Prevention

Length: 1 hr.

Produced: Wilfred Laurier University

Date: 1986

Location(s): ·Educational Media Services, University Extension Centre, U of A V05064

Description: Not Reviewed. (catalogue description: "Outlines the need for three types of prevention: i) Primary - intervention before illness occurs, ii) Secondary - acute treatment necessary to bring under control, iii) Tertiary - reduce long term consequences. Explores some of the reasons the prevention of mental illness is such a low priority in our society.")

Title: Principles for Nursing Personnel - Negligence (Medical - Legal Issues Series)

Length: 17 min.

Produced: Viacom for UA Hospitals

Date: 1989

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A NVC254

Description: The video presents a legal description of the technical definition of negligence constituting malpractice for nursing personnel. It features several cases and analyses them for the possibility of negligence.

Medical Issues: ·use of Demorol

Ethical Issues: ·informed consent

·rights/duties of health care practitioners towards patients

Perspective: A legal perspective on the issue is provided.

Watchability: This is a very well produced instructional video quality program.

Comments: The video might be interesting for nurses and other health care professional to compare legal vs. ethical implications of given actions. However, in general it addresses legal issues quite strictly. It is recommended for those interested in the subject, but not necessarily for introducing a discussion.

Topics: ·Legal Issues in Health Care

Title: Problem Solving and Decision Making (Nursing Leadership and Management Series)

Length: 26 min.

Produced: Mosby Inc.

Date: 1994

Location(s): JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC232

Description: This is an instruction video for nurse managers providing guidance on how to problem solve and make decisions. The aim is to help leaders improve communication and tackle issues arising in the clinical setting.

Ethical Issues: ·critical thinking in the clinical environment

·decision making

Perspective: A nurse manager's perspective is featured.

Watchability: This is a very well made information video quality program.

Comments: The video provides vague decision making guidelines which implicitly involve ethics in the criteria used and the process involved. However, ethics is never explicitly mentioned as part of any decision making process. It might be helpful to use a few minutes of the video in a workshop and then discuss how ethics is connected to the process involved. On its own it is recommended for those interested in the topic, but not for general viewing.

Topics: ·Ethical Decision Making

Title: Professional Competence: Who Is Responsible? (Issues In Nursing Series)

Length: 20 min.

Produced: Access Network

Date: 1992

Location(s): ·Red Deer College Library RT 41 I889

·Grant MacEwan Community College LRC RT6 .A1 P37

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Prolonging Life: Transplantation and Life Support Systems (Canada, the World and the Future Series)

Length: 2 hrs.

Produced: U of A Health Sciences Media Services

Date: 1988

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC070

Description: In this video three speakers give lectures on the general topic: Dr. H. Hays talks about palliative care; Prof. J. Robertson talks about organ transplantation; and a third speaker discusses the donation of the organs of an anencephalic newborn.

Ethical Issues: ·end of life decision making

·non-physical pain management of dying patient

·ethics committees

·proportionate/disproportionate therapy

·organ donation

·care vs. cure in illness management

·limits of autonomy

·role of religion in guiding ethics

·use of tissue of aborted fetus for transplantation

·increasing supply of organs for transplantation

·redefining death to facilitate increase organ supply

·'ownership' of aborted fetus

Perspective: Various perspectives are offered in this video.

Watchability: This is a home video quality program. It is in lecture format and is quite slow and a little boring.

Comments: The first lecture is a little hard to follow but there may be a usable snippet on ethics committees that can be used to begin discussions. The second lecture is very interesting and would provide an excellent springboard for discussion of issues relevant in transplantation. The third lecture is a little too dry, and not particularly recommended viewing, though the topic is very interesting.

Topics: ·Ethical Issues at the Beginning of Life

·Health Care and Technology

·Ethical Issues at the End of Life

·Ethics Committees

Title: Psychological Factors and Physical Illness

Length: 59 min.

Produced: Magic Lantern

Date: 1991

Location(s): ·Medicine Hat College Library RC489 M53 P77

Description: Not Reviewed.

Title: Public Health - Taking It To The Street

Length: 12 min.

Produced: Alberta Public Health Association

Date: 1993

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC211

Description: This is a general information documentary video explaining what public health is.

Ethical Issues: ·biomedical vs. social model of health

·importance of wider determinants of health

·health as a good requiring fair and easy access

Perspective: A holistic view of health is offered.

Watchability: This is a very well made public television quality program.

Comments: This is a very good video for introducing public health and the debate between health promotion and illness care aspects of health care services. It is recommended for personal viewing and for use in a workshop or group setting.

Topics: ·Resource Allocation

·An Analysis of the Values in Canadian Health Care

Title: Putting Care Back into Caring

Length: 58 min.

Produced: U of A Health Sciences Media Services

Date: 1989

Location(s): ·JW Scott Health Sciences Media Desk, U of A VC077

Description: In this video, Father Lucien Larré gives a lecture on the importance of caring in the healing profession and on the importance of real relationships in all aspects of life.

Ethical Issues: ·importance of personal relationships in caring

·ethics of nurturance

·importance of care ethics for one's self and in addressing physical problems of patients

Perspective: A holistic approach with social interaction is presented. A care ethic is strongly favoured in this talk.

Watchability: This is a home video quality program. It is a lecture that is very easy and fun to watch.

Comments: The video begins with a stand up comedy routine and then goes into a discussion laced with humour. It is fun to watch with a very important message. However, it takes a bit too long to deliver the message. The video is well worthwhile for personal viewing but unfortunately not amenable to or worthwhile if being cut down and shown in portions.

Topics: ·An Analysis of the Values in Canadian Health Care